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N5 · G84 Reasons and contrast

でも/しかし

But / However (start of sentence)

でも and しかし mean "but" or "however" at the start of a new sentence. でも is for conversation; しかし is for formal speech and writing.

How to make it

RuleExample
Sentence A。でも、Sentence B。
Sentence A。しかし、Sentence B。

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Contrast in conversation

    でも starts a sentence that goes against what you just said.

    • kono kaban wa takai desu. demo, totemo suki desu.

      This bag is expensive. But I really like it.

    • nihongo wa muzukashii desu. demo, omoshiroi desu.

      Japanese is difficult. But it's interesting.

    • kinou wa ame deshita. demo, tenisu o shimashita.

      It rained yesterday. But I played tennis anyway.

  2. 2. Formal or written contrast

    しかし does the same job in essays, reports, news and speeches.

    • kono machi wa chiisai desu. shikashi, furui mise ga takusan arimasu.

      This town is small. However, it has many old shops.

    • nihon no densha wa benri desu. shikashi, sukoshi takai desu.

      Trains in Japan are convenient. However, they are a little expensive.

  3. 3. Replying with an objection or excuse

    Starting a reply with でも shows you see things differently or have a reason not to do something.

    • mou nemashou. demo, mada kuji desu yo.

      "Let's go to bed now." "But it's still only nine o'clock."

    • issho ni ikimasen ka. ikitai desu. demo, kyou wa chotto...

      "Would you like to come with me?" "I'd like to. But today is a bit…"

Nuance

Both words begin a new sentence and are usually followed by a comma. To say "but" inside one sentence, use が or けど instead (高いですが、すきです). しかし sounds stiff in everyday conversation, so use でも with friends. でも after a noun (日よう日でも) is a different meaning, "even".

Compared with

けど joins two ideas inside one sentence (高いけど、すき). でも starts a new sentence.

そして and それから add information or the next event. でも and しかし introduce a contrast.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

でも starts a new sentence; inside one sentence, use が or けど.

Wrong

Right

Staying home is the expected result of rain, not a contrast, so でも does not fit.

Wrong

Right

しかし is too stiff for casual talk with friends; use でも.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

What is the difference between でも and しかし?

They mean the same thing. でも is natural in conversation; しかし is more formal and is used in writing, news and speeches.

Can I use でも in the middle of a sentence?

Not as "but". Inside one sentence, use が or けど: 高いですが、すきです. でも as "but" comes at the start of a new sentence.

What about だけど or けれども?

They can also start a sentence and mean "but". だけど is casual and けれども is a little formal, while でも is the most common in everyday speech.

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