文法 · Grammar line
JLPT N5 grammar list
89 grammar points, grouped by what they do and in a sensible order to learn them. This covers all 84 points on JLPT Sensei's N5 list, which we use as a checklist.
Sentence basics 基本
| 〜は〜です | X is Y | |
| 〜は〜ですか | Is X Y? (question) | |
| 〜でした | Was / were (past polite) | |
| 〜ね | Isn't it? / Right? (seeking agreement) | |
| 〜よ | I tell you / you know (assertion) | |
| 〜じゃないです／〜ではありません | Is not ~ (negative) | |
| 〜と思います | I think that ~ | |
| 〜んです／〜のです | It's that ~ (explanation / emphasis) | |
| 〜でしょう | Probably ~ / I suppose ~ | |
| 〜のですか | Is it that ~? (seeking explanation) | |
| 〜だ (plain copula) | Is / am / are (casual) | |
| 〜だろう | Probably ~ / ~, right? (casual) | |
| お〜／ご〜 | Polite prefix | |
| 〜なあ | Exclamation / musing (casual) |
Particles 助詞
| 〜が〜 | Subject marker (new info) | |
| 〜を〜 | Direct object marker | |
| 〜に行く | Go to (destination) | |
| 〜で〜 | At / in (place of action) | |
| 〜の〜 | Possession / noun modifier | |
| 〜も〜 | Also / too | |
| 〜と〜 | And / with (people) | |
| 〜から〜まで | From ~ to ~ | |
| 〜だけ | Only ~ / Just ~ | |
| 〜も〜も | Both ~ and ~ / Neither ~ nor ~ | |
| 〜や〜など | Things like ~ and ~ | |
| 〜か〜か | Either ~ or ~ / Whether ~ or ~ | |
| 〜で (means / method) | By means of ~ / Using ~ | |
| 〜に (time / destination / purpose) | At (time) / To (destination) / For (purpose) | |
| 〜と一緒に | Together (with ~) |
There is / where is 存在
| 〜はどこにありますか | Where is ~ ? | |
| 〜に〜がいます／あります | There is/are ~ at/in ~ |
Verb forms 動詞
| 〜ません | Do not ~ (negative polite) | |
| 〜ました | Did ~ (past polite) | |
| 〜ている | Is doing / has done | |
| 〜てから | After doing ~ | |
| 〜ことができる | Can do ~ / be able to ~ | |
| 〜て (connecting actions) | Do ~ and then ~ (sequence) | |
| 〜たり〜たりする | Do things like ~ and ~ | |
| 〜ことがある | Have done ~ before / sometimes ~ | |
| 〜て form + います (occupation/state) | Currently does ~ (ongoing state or job) | |
| 〜方（かた） | The way of doing ~ / How to ~ |
Adjectives 形容詞
| 〜すぎる | Too ~ / Excessively ~ | |
| い-adjectives (〜い／〜くない／〜かった) | Conjugating い-adjectives | |
| な-adjectives (〜な＋noun／〜です) | Using な-adjectives | |
| 〜になる／〜くなる | To become ~ | |
| とても | Very |
Likes, wants and skills 好み
Requests, permission and rules 依頼・許可
| 〜ください | Please give me / do ~ | |
| 〜てもいいですか | May I ~? | |
| 〜なければなりません | Must / have to ~ | |
| 〜ないでください | Please don't ~ | |
| 〜なくてもいいです | Don't have to ~ / It's okay not to ~ | |
| 〜てはいけません | Must not ~ / Not allowed to ~ | |
| 〜ちゃいけない／〜じゃいけない | Must not ~ (casual) | |
| 〜なくてはいけない／〜なくてはならない | Must ~ / Have to ~ | |
| 〜ないといけない／〜なくちゃ | Have to ~ / Gotta ~ (casual) |
Invitations, advice and plans 勧誘・予定
Comparison 比較
| 〜より〜のほうが〜 | ~ is more ~ than ~ | |
| 〜と〜とどちらが | Which is more ~, A or B? | |
| AはBより〜です | A is more ~ than B | |
| 一番／〜の中で〜が一番 | The most ~ / ~ is the best out of |
Time and sequence 時間
Reasons and contrast 理由・逆接
| 〜から (reason) | Because ~ / Since ~ | |
| 〜けど／〜けれども／〜が (contrast) | But ~ / Although ~ | |
| 〜ので | Because ~ / Since ~ | |
| でも／しかし | But / However (start of sentence) | |
| そして／それから | And / And then, after that |
Question words 疑問詞
Numbers and counting 数え方
| Number ＋ Counter | Counting using Japanese counters |