Sign in to study

Reviews, practice drills, mock tests and progress tracking are free with a Google account. Sign in to start, and your progress is saved on every device.

N5 · G34 Verb forms

〜ている

Is doing / has done

Verb て-form + いる (polite: います) describes an action in progress, a state that continues after something happened, or something you do regularly.

How to make it

RuleExample
Verb て-form + います (polite)
Verb て-form + いる (plain)
Negative: て-form + いません
Casual speech often drops い

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Action in progress

    Something is happening right now, like "is eating" or "is raining".

    • ima, gohan o tabete imasu.

      I'm eating now.

    • haha wa denwa de hanashite imasu.

      My mother is talking on the phone.

    • soto de ame ga futte imasu.

      It's raining outside.

  2. 2. Resulting state

    Something happened and its result continues, such as a light that has been turned on or a person who has arrived and is here now.

    • denki ga tsuite imasu.

      The light is on.

    • sensei wa mou kite imasu.

      The teacher is already here.

    • sono hito no namae o shitte imasu ka.

      Do you know that person's name?

  3. 3. Habit or repeated action

    Something you do regularly over a period of time, often with 毎日 or 毎週.

    • mainichi nihongo no rajio o kiite imasu.

      I listen to Japanese radio every day.

    • maishuu puuru de oyoide imasu.

      I swim at the pool every week.

Nuance

Not every ている means "-ing". With verbs of change such as 来る, 行く and つく, it describes the state after the change: 来ています means "has come and is here", not "is coming". The negative of しっています is しりません, not しっていません. In casual speech ている often shortens to てる.

Compared with

That page covers ています for long-term states such as your job, where you live, or being married.

てある says someone did something on purpose and the result remains (まどがあけてあります). ている just describes the state or action.

まだ〜ていません means "have not done yet" and uses the negative of ている.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

The negative answer to しっていますか is always しりません.

Wrong

Right

The て-form of およぐ is およいで, and ている always attaches to the て-form.

Wrong

Right

The て-form of 読む is 読んで, and ている always attaches to the て-form.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

Does ている always mean "-ing"?

No. With action verbs like 食べる it means "is doing", but with change verbs like 来る or つく it describes the state after the change. 来ています means "has come and is here".

What is the difference between ている and ています?

They mean the same thing. ている is the plain form used with friends and inside longer sentences; ています is the polite form.

Why do I hear 食べてる instead of 食べている?

In casual speech the い is often dropped: 食べてる, 見てる. It is normal in conversation, but write the full form in polite writing.

More in Verb forms

Spotted a mistake? Report it.

More