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N5 · G33 Verb forms

〜ました

Did ~ (past polite)

ました is the polite past form of a verb: change ます to ました to say you did something. The negative is ませんでした: didn't do.

How to make it

RuleExample
ます → ました
ません → ませんでした
Question: ました + か
Irregular verbs follow the same rule

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Saying what you did

    Use ました for actions that happened in the past, often with words like きのう or 先週.

    • kinou, sushi o tabemashita.

      I ate sushi yesterday.

    • senshuu, haha to yama ni ikimashita.

      Last week I went to the mountains with my mother.

    • nijikan terebi o mimashita.

      I watched TV for two hours.

  2. 2. Saying what you didn't do

    Use ませんでした for something that did not happen.

    • kyou wa koohii o nomimasen deshita.

      I didn't drink coffee today.

    • sensei no hanashi ga yoku wakarimasen deshita.

      I didn't really understand what the teacher said.

  3. 3. Asking about the past

    Add か to ask what someone did: 何をしましたか.

    • kinou, nani o shimashita ka.

      What did you do yesterday?

    • shukudai o shimashita ka.

      Did you do your homework?

  4. 4. Finished actions with もう

    With もう, ました means 'have already done'.

    • mou bangohan o tabemashita.

      I've already had dinner.

Nuance

ました is polite; with friends use the た-form (食べた). If someone asks もう〜ましたか and you haven't done it yet, answer いいえ、まだです rather than ませんでした. ませんでした means it didn't happen at all, while まだです means not yet.

Compared with

でした is the past of です, used after nouns and な-adjectives. ました is for verbs.

ません is the present negative (don't, won't). Add でした to make the past negative: ませんでした.

もう + ました means 'already did'. The answer for 'not yet' is まだです.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

きのう shows the past, so the verb needs ました.

Wrong

Right

The polite past negative is ませんでした; だった is casual and cannot follow ません.

Wrong

Right

For 'not yet' after もう, Japanese says まだです.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

How do I say I didn't do something?

Change ます to ませんでした. 食べます becomes 食べませんでした, 'I didn't eat'.

What is the difference between ました and た?

They mean the same past action. ました is polite, for most situations with adults you don't know well. た (食べた, 行った) is casual, for friends and family.

Can ました mean 'have done' as well as 'did'?

Yes. Japanese has one past form for both, so もう食べました means 'I have already eaten'. Context, or words like もう, tell you which English meaning fits.

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