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N5 · G37 Verb forms

〜て (connecting actions)

Do ~ and then ~ (sequence)

The て-form joins actions in order: 'do A, (and then) B'. Only the last verb shows tense and politeness; the て-form verbs take their time from it.

How to make it

RuleExample
う-verbs: う/つ/る → って, む/ぶ/ぬ → んで, く → いて, ぐ → いで, す → して
る-verbs: drop る + て
Irregular verbs
Exception: 行く

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Listing actions in order

    Join two or more actions in the order they happen, and finish with the main verb.

    • asa okite, shawaa o abimasu.

      I get up in the morning and take a shower.

    • depaato e itte, kutsu o kaimashita.

      I went to the department store and bought shoes.

    • gohan o tabete, ha o migaite, nemasu.

      I eat, brush my teeth and go to bed.

    • tomodachi ni atte, issho ni eiga o mimashita.

      I met a friend and we watched a film together.

    • kinou wa heya o souji shite, sentaku o shimashita.

      Yesterday I cleaned my room and did the washing.

  2. 2. Saying how you do something

    The first verb can show the way you do the second one, as in あるいて行きます (go on foot).

    • gakkou made aruite ikimasu.

      I walk to school.

    • mainichi, densha ni notte kaisha e ikimasu.

      Every day I take the train to work.

Nuance

The tense of the whole sentence comes from the last verb: in 行って、買いました both actions are in the past. The order of the verbs is the order of the actions. If you want to stress 'after finishing A', use 〜てから. Learn 行って by heart, because 行く does not follow the く → いて rule.

Compared with

てから stresses that B happens after A is finished. The plain て-form simply lists actions in order.

たり〜たり gives a few example actions in no fixed order. The て-form gives the actual sequence.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

行く is an exception; its て-form is 行って.

Wrong

Right

To join two verbs in one sentence, change the first one to the て-form.

Wrong

Right

Verbs ending in む change to んで.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

How do I make the て-form?

For る-verbs, drop る and add て. For う-verbs, the ending changes: う/つ/る → って, む/ぶ/ぬ → んで, く → いて, ぐ → いで, す → して. する becomes して, 来る becomes 来て, and 行く becomes 行って.

Does the て-form have a tense?

No. It takes its tense from the last verb in the sentence. 食べて、ねます is present or future, and 食べて、ねました is past.

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