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N5 · G36 Verb forms

〜ことができる

Can do ~ / be able to ~

Dictionary form + ことができる means "can do ~" or "be able to do ~". It describes a skill, or whether something is possible in a situation.

How to make it

RuleExample
Verb dictionary form + ことができます
Negative: dictionary form + ことができません
Noun + ができます

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Ability or skill

    Say what a person is able to do, such as speak a language or swim.

    • watashi wa nihongo o hanasu koto ga dekimasu.

      I can speak Japanese.

    • hiragana to katakana o yomu koto ga dekimasu.

      I can read hiragana and katakana.

    • kodomo no toki, oyogu koto ga dekimasen deshita.

      When I was a child, I couldn't swim.

  2. 2. Possibility in a situation

    Say whether something can be done in a place or situation, for example paying by card or taking photos.

    • kono mise de kaado o tsukau koto ga dekimasu ka.

      Can I use a card at this shop?

    • koko de shashin o toru koto ga dekimasen.

      You can't take photos here.

    • eki de hon o kau koto ga dekimasu.

      You can buy books at the station.

  3. 3. Noun + ができる

    With activity nouns like テニス or 日本語, simply use the noun + ができる.

    • chichi wa tenisu ga dekimasu.

      My father can play tennis.

    • haha wa kuruma no unten ga dekimasu.

      My mother can drive a car.

Nuance

ことができる is a little formal and is common in writing, signs and announcements. In everyday speech Japanese people often use the potential form (話せます), which you will learn at N4. Remember: the verb before こと is always the dictionary form, and the object of that verb keeps を.

Compared with

た-form + ことがある talks about experience ("have done"). Dictionary form + ことができる talks about ability ("can do").

〜てもいいですか asks for permission from a person. ことができますか asks whether something is possible.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

The verb before こと must be the dictionary form, not the ます-stem.

Wrong

Right

A verb cannot connect straight to ができる; you need こと.

Wrong

Right

Don't put です after the plain verb できる; use the polite form できます.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

What is the difference between ことができる and the potential form?

They mean the same thing. ことができる is a bit more formal and easy to build from the dictionary form; the potential form (話せる, 読める) is shorter and more common in speech and is taught at N4.

How do I say "I couldn't"?

Make できる past and negative: 行くことができませんでした (I couldn't go). The verb before こと does not change.

Can I say 日本語ができます without a verb?

Yes. With skills and activities, noun + ができます is natural: 日本語ができます, テニスができます.

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