Sign in to study

Reviews, practice drills, mock tests and progress tracking are free with a Google account. Sign in to start, and your progress is saved on every device.

N5 · G39 Verb forms

〜ことがある

Have done ~ before / sometimes ~

Verb た-form + ことがあります talks about experience: 'I have (ever) done ~'. The negative ことがありません means 'I have never done ~'.

How to make it

RuleExample
Verb た-form + ことがあります
Verb た-form + ことがありません
Question: た-form + ことがありますか
Casual: た-form + ことがある

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Talking about your experiences

    Say that you have done something at least once in your life.

    • nihon ni itta koto ga arimasu.

      I have been to Japan.

    • fujisan ni nobotta koto ga arimasu.

      I have climbed Mt Fuji.

    • kodomo no toki, kawa de oyoida koto ga arimasu.

      I swam in a river once when I was a child.

  2. 2. Saying you have never done something

    ことがありません means you have no experience of it. まだ or 一ども often go with it.

    • haha wa gaikoku ni itta koto ga arimasen.

      My mother has never been abroad.

    • watashi wa mada yuki o mita koto ga arimasen.

      I haven't seen snow yet.

  3. 3. Asking about someone's experience

    Ask 'Have you ever ~?' with ことがありますか. The short answer is はい、あります or いいえ、ありません.

    • sushi o tabeta koto ga arimasu ka.

      Have you ever eaten sushi?

    • kono eiga o mita koto ga arimasu ka.

      Have you seen this film?

Nuance

Use it for experiences worth mentioning, not everyday actions: 'I have eaten breakfast' is not a ことがある sentence. Don't use it with a specific recent time like きのう; for that, use ました. The verb is always ある, even when talking about people.

Compared with

ました reports a specific past event (きのう食べました). ことがあります talks about experience at some point in your life.

もう〜ました means you have already done something today or recently. ことがあります is about life experience, with no time in mind.

ことができる (dictionary form) means 'can do'. ことがある (た-form) means 'have done'. Watch the verb form.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

With ある, こと takes が, not を.

Wrong

Right

A specific time like きのう needs a simple past, not the experience pattern.

Wrong

Right

こと is a thing, so the verb is always ある, never いる.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

What is the difference between 食べました and 食べたことがあります?

食べました reports that you ate at a certain time, such as yesterday. 食べたことがあります says that you have the experience of eating it at some point in your life.

How do I say 'I have never ~'?

Use た-form + ことがありません. Add 一ども (even once) for emphasis: 一ども行ったことがありません, 'I have never been, not even once.'

Does ことがある with the dictionary form mean the same thing?

No. Dictionary form + ことがある means 'sometimes ~' (行くことがある, 'I sometimes go'). It is a different pattern, usually studied at N4. For experience, always use the た-form.

More in Verb forms

Spotted a mistake? Report it.

More