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N5 · G32 Verb forms

〜ません

Do not ~ (negative polite)

〜ません is the polite negative of a verb: "don't" or "won't". Take the ます form and change ます to ません.

How to make it

RuleExample
Verb ます-stem + ません (group 1)
Verb ます-stem + ません (group 2)
Irregular verbs
Past negative: ません + でした

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Habits you don't have

    Say what you do not usually do, such as foods you don't eat or things you never do.

    • watashi wa osake o nomimasen.

      I don't drink alcohol.

    • amari terebi o mimasen.

      I don't watch much TV.

    • chichi wa mainichi shinbun o yomimasu ga, haha wa yomimasen.

      My father reads the paper every day, but my mother doesn't.

  2. 2. Future: won't do

    ません also covers the future, so it means "I won't" or "I'm not going to".

    • ashita wa gakkou e ikimasen.

      I won't go to school tomorrow.

    • kyou wa shukudai o shimasen.

      I'm not doing homework today.

    • yamakawa san wa ashita no paatii ni kimasen.

      Mr Yamakawa won't come to tomorrow's party.

  3. 3. Saying something doesn't exist or isn't there

    With あります and います, ありません and いません mean "there isn't" or "I don't have".

    • sumimasen, okane ga arimasen.

      Sorry, I don't have any money.

    • heya ni dare mo imasen.

      There's nobody in the room.

Nuance

ません is polite and fits most everyday situations with people you don't know well. The casual version is the ない form (飲まない, 食べない). Japanese often softens a no, so instead of a flat ません people may say ちょっと… or use あまり〜ません (not much). For past events, remember to add でした: 食べませんでした.

Compared with

ました is the polite past positive (did). ません is the polite non-past negative (don't / won't).

ませんでした is the past negative (didn't). It combines ません with でした.

じゃないです / じゃありません negate nouns and な-adjectives. ません is only for verbs.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

For the past you need ませんでした; ません is only present or future.

Wrong

Right

ません attaches to verbs; nouns use じゃありません or じゃないです.

Wrong

Right

ません replaces ます; do not combine it with the ない form.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

Does ません mean don't or won't?

Both. Japanese has no separate future tense, so 行きません can mean "I don't go" or "I won't go". Context tells you which.

How do I say didn't politely?

Add でした to ません: 食べませんでした (I didn't eat), 行きませんでした (I didn't go).

What is the casual form of ません?

The ない form. 飲みません becomes 飲まない, 食べません becomes 食べない, and しません becomes しない.

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