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N5 · G31 There is / where is

〜に〜がいます/あります

There is/are ~ at/in ~

Place に Thing が あります/います means 'There is ~ in/at (place)'. Use います for people and animals, and あります for objects, plants and buildings.

How to make it

RuleExample
Place + に + living thing + が + います
Place + に + object + が + あります
Negative: いません/ありません

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. A person or animal is somewhere

    Use います when the thing that exists can move by itself, like people, animals and fish.

    • kouen ni kodomo ga imasu.

      There are children in the park.

    • ki no shita ni neko ga imasu.

      There's a cat under the tree.

  2. 2. An object is somewhere

    Use あります for things, plants, buildings and places.

    • tsukue no ue ni hon ga arimasu.

      There is a book on the desk.

    • eki no mae ni ookii mise ga arimasu.

      There's a big shop in front of the station.

    • kaban no naka ni nani ga arimasu ka.

      What is in your bag?

  3. 3. Nothing or nobody is there

    Use the negative forms, often with だれも (nobody) or 何も (nothing).

    • heya ni daremo imasen.

      There is nobody in the room.

    • reizouko ni nanimo arimasen.

      There is nothing in the fridge.

Nuance

The place takes に and the thing takes が, because the thing is new information. If the thing is already the topic and you want to say where it is, use は instead: ねこは木の下にいます. Plants and vehicles use あります; people, animals and fish use います.

Compared with

〜はどこにありますか asks where a known thing is. 〜に〜があります tells you what is in a place.

で marks the place where an action happens (こうえんであそびます). For being somewhere, use に.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

With います and あります, the place takes に, not で.

Wrong

Right

A cat is a living thing, so use います.

Wrong

Right

A book is an object, so use あります.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

When do I use いる and when do I use ある?

Use いる (います) for people and animals, and ある (あります) for objects, plants and places. A simple test is whether it can move by itself.

Why does the thing take が and not は?

In 'there is ~' sentences, the thing is usually new information, so it takes が. If it is already the topic, as in 'Where is the cat?', you use は.

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