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N5 · G30 There is / where is

〜はどこにありますか

Where is ~ ?

〜はどこにありますか asks where a thing or place is. For people and animals, use 〜はどこにいますか instead.

How to make it

RuleExample
Thing/place + は + どこにありますか
Person/animal + は + どこにいますか
Answer: Place + に + あります/います

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Asking where a thing or place is

    Use ありますか for objects, buildings and places, for example when you are lost or looking for something.

    • eki wa doko ni arimasu ka.

      Where is the station?

    • sumimasen, toire wa doko ni arimasu ka.

      Excuse me, where is the toilet?

    • watashi no kasa wa doko ni arimasu ka.

      Where is my umbrella?

  2. 2. Asking where a person or animal is

    Living things that move by themselves take いる, so ask 〜はどこにいますか.

    • sensei wa doko ni imasu ka.

      Where is the teacher?

    • neko wa doko ni imasu ka.

      Where is the cat?

  3. 3. Answering with a location

    Reply with the place, then に and the same verb: 駅の前にあります, つくえの下にいます.

    • yuubinkyoku wa doko ni arimasu ka. eki no mae ni arimasu.

      "Where is the post office?" "It's in front of the station."

    • honya wa doko ni arimasu ka. ano biru no naka ni arimasu.

      "Where is the bookshop?" "It's inside that building."

    • chichi wa doko ni imasu ka. niwa ni imasu.

      "Where is Dad?" "He's in the garden."

Nuance

The key choice is ある for non-living things (including plants and buildings) and いる for people and animals. The shorter 〜はどこですか is also very common and perfectly polite. Start with すみません when asking a stranger.

Compared with

That pattern says what is in a place ("There is a cat under the desk"). 〜はどこにありますか asks where a known thing is.

〜はどこですか is a shorter way to ask the same question and works for both things and people.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

People are living things, so use いる, not ある.

Wrong

Right

The place where something exists is marked with に, not で.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

When do I use あります and when do I use います?

Use あります for objects, plants and places, and います for people and animals. So 駅はどこにありますか but 先生はどこにいますか.

Can I just say 〜はどこですか?

Yes. トイレはどこですか is natural and polite, and you will hear it all the time. どこにありますか just states the verb more fully.

What about a car or a robot?

Cars and other machines take ある, even when they move. A taxi waiting with its driver may take いる, but at N5 you can use ある for things.

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