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N5 · G02 Sentence basics

〜は〜ですか

Is X Y? (question)

AはBですか asks "Is A B?". You take a normal は〜です sentence and add か at the end to turn it into a polite yes/no question.

How to make it

RuleExample
Noun + は + Noun + ですか
Noun + は + い-adjective + ですか
Noun + は + な-adjective + ですか
Noun + は + question word + ですか

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Yes/no questions

    Add か to a です sentence to ask whether something is true. The answer is usually はい、そうです or いいえ、ちがいます.

    • anata wa gakusei desu ka.

      Are you a student?

    • yamakawa san wa sensei desu ka.

      Is Mr Yamakawa a teacher?

    • kono kuruma wa atarashii desu ka.

      Is this car new?

    • sono mise wa takai desu ka.

      Is that shop expensive?

  2. 2. Questions with a question word

    Put a question word such as 何, どこ, だれ or いつ in the B slot to ask for information.

    • toire wa doko desu ka.

      Where is the toilet?

    • shumi wa nan desu ka.

      What are your hobbies?

    • tesuto wa itsu desu ka.

      When is the test?

  3. 3. Checking or confirming

    You can use it to check something you are not sure about, for example a name or a place.

    • sumimasen, koko wa toukyou eki desu ka.

      Excuse me, is this Tokyo Station?

Nuance

In polite Japanese a question mark is not needed, because か already does the job; write 。 at the end. Avoid using あなた too much when talking to someone, as it can sound distant. Use the person's name with さん instead, or leave the subject out if it is clear. In casual speech people drop ですか and just raise their voice, as in 学生?

Compared with

は〜です makes a statement (A is B). Adding か turns the same sentence into a question.

じゃないです is the negative answer or statement (A is not B), while ですか asks whether A is B.

ですね asks the listener to agree with something you already think is true. ですか is a real question when you do not know the answer.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

ますか goes on verbs; after a noun you need ですか.

Wrong

Right

A question with a question word is not a yes/no question, so you do not answer with はい.

Wrong

Right

A な-adjective drops な before ですか.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

Do I need a question mark after ですか?

No. In standard written Japanese か already shows it is a question, so you end with 。. You will see ? in casual writing and manga, but it is not required.

How do I answer a はですか question?

For a yes answer say はい、そうです or repeat the sentence without か. For a no answer say いいえ、ちがいます or use the negative form, such as 学生じゃないです.

Why does my teacher say not to use あなた?

あなた is correct grammar, but Japanese speakers usually say the person's name with さん, or drop the subject. Using あなた a lot can sound cold or too direct.

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