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N5 · G08 Sentence basics

〜んです/〜のです

It's that ~ (explanation / emphasis)

〜んです (or the more formal 〜のです) adds a feeling of "the thing is…" or "you see…". You use it to give an explanation or reason, or to ask someone to explain a situation.

How to make it

RuleExample
Verb plain form + んです
い-adjective + んです
な-adjective + なんです
Noun + なんです

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Explaining a situation or reason

    Use it when you give background that explains why something is happening, for example why you are late or cannot come.

    • sumimasen, onaka ga itai n desu.

      Sorry, the thing is, my stomach hurts.

    • ashita wa ikimasen. shigoto ga aru n desu.

      I'm not going tomorrow. I have work, you see.

    • densha ga okureta n desu.

      The train was late, you see.

  2. 2. Asking for an explanation

    〜んですか asks the listener to explain something you have noticed, and shows interest or surprise.

    • doushita n desu ka.

      What's wrong? / What happened?

    • doushite tabenai n desu ka.

      Why aren't you eating?

    • sono tokei, atarashii n desu ka.

      Is that watch new?

  3. 3. Starting a request or topic

    〜んですが introduces a situation before you ask for something, which makes the request softer.

    • eki e ikitai n desu ga, michi o oshiete kudasai.

      I want to go to the station. Could you tell me the way?

    • kono ji ga yomenai n desu ga...

      I can't read this character...

Nuance

んです is spoken and friendly; のです sounds more formal and is common in writing. Do not add it to every sentence: a plain fact such as わたしは学生です does not need it. Overusing 〜んですか can sound nosy or like you are demanding an answer, so use it when you really want an explanation. Note that nouns and な-adjectives need な before んです.

Compared with

から states a reason directly (because ~). んです gives an explanation more softly, often without saying because.

のですか is the same question form as んですか, just more formal. んですか is what you hear in normal conversation.

ので links a reason to a result inside one sentence. んです usually ends the sentence and explains the situation.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

Nouns need な before んです.

Wrong

Right

な-adjectives also need な before んです.

Wrong

Right

Introducing yourself is not an explanation, so plain です is natural here.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

What is the difference between 行きます and 行くんです?

行きます simply states a fact. 行くんです adds an explanation feeling, such as "the thing is, I'm going", and connects to something in the situation.

Is んです polite?

Yes, んです is polite because it ends with です. The casual version is 〜んだ, and the casual question is 〜の?

Why do people say どうしたんですか and not どうしましたか?

Both are correct. どうしたんですか shows you have noticed something and want to know the reason, so it sounds more caring and natural in conversation.

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