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N5 · G10 Sentence basics

〜のですか

Is it that ~? (seeking explanation)

Plain form + のですか asks the listener to explain something, or checks something you have just noticed. It shows more interest than a simple ですか question.

How to make it

RuleExample
Verb plain form + のですか
い-adjective + のですか
な-adjective / noun + なのですか
Spoken form: んですか

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Asking for a reason

    With どうして or なぜ, のですか asks someone to explain why something happened or why they do something.

    • doushite gakkou o yasunda no desu ka.

      Why were you absent from school?

    • doushite sono kaban o kawanakatta no desu ka.

      Why didn't you buy that bag?

  2. 2. Checking what you notice

    When you see or hear something, のですか checks the situation behind it, like "Oh, is it that ...?"

    • ame ga futte iru no desu ka.

      Is it raining? (seeing someone's wet umbrella)

    • kyou wa yasumi na no desu ka.

      Oh, is today a day off?

    • kono kamera, sonna ni takai no desu ka.

      Is this camera really that expensive?

  3. 3. Asking for more details

    It shows interest in the other person's story and asks for details such as when, where or what.

    • doko de nihongo o naratta no desu ka.

      Where did you learn Japanese?

    • itsu nihon e kita no desu ka.

      When did you come to Japan?

    • nani o shite iru no desu ka.

      What are you doing?

Nuance

のですか is a little more formal; in everyday speech people say んですか. Use it when there is a situation or story behind your question, not for plain facts with no context (ask 駅はどこですか, not 駅はどこなのですか). Asking どうして〜のですか to a boss or teacher can sound like you are blaming them, so use a soft tone.

Compared with

んです/のです is the statement form that gives an explanation; のですか is the question form that asks for one.

ですか is a neutral yes or no question. のですか adds "is it that ...?" and shows you want the background.

どうして is the question word "why"; it is very often paired with のですか or んですか at the end.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

Nouns and な-adjectives need な before の.

Wrong

Right

Use the plain form before の, not the ます form.

Wrong

Right

い-adjectives connect to の directly, with no な.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

What is the difference between のですか and ですか?

ですか just asks a question. のですか asks about the reason or situation behind something, and shows you are curious or surprised.

Are のですか and んですか the same?

Yes, they mean the same thing. んですか is the natural spoken form; のですか is a little more careful and is common in writing and textbooks.

Can のですか sound rude?

It can if you use it with どうして to question someone above you, because it may sound like you want them to justify themselves. With friends and in friendly curiosity it is fine.

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