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N5 · G87 Question words

どうして

Why

どうして means 'why'. It asks for a reason, often with 〜んですか at the end, and the answer usually ends in 〜からです.

How to make it

RuleExample
どうして + polite question
どうして + plain form + んですか (more natural)
Answer: reason + からです
Casual: plain form + の?

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Asking the reason

    Ask why something happened or why someone does something.

    • doushite nihongo o naratte iru n desu ka.

      Why are you learning Japanese?

    • doushite kinou konakatta n desu ka.

      Why didn't you come yesterday?

    • doushite basu de kita n desu ka.

      Why did you come by bus?

    • doushite naite iru n desu ka.

      Why are you crying?

  2. 2. Showing surprise

    On its own or in a short question, どうして can show surprise or confusion: 'Why?!'

    • e, doushite?

      What? Why?

    • doushite kono mise wa konna ni yasui n desu ka.

      Why is this shop so cheap?

  3. 3. Answering a why-question

    Answer with the reason + からです, or explain with 〜んです.

    • isogashikatta kara desu.

      Because I was busy.

    • atama ga itakatta n desu.

      I had a headache, you see.

Nuance

A bare どうして〜ますか can sound like you are blaming someone; 〜んですか makes it sound like you really want to understand. なぜ means the same but is more formal and written, and なんで is casual. Don't confuse どうして (why) with どうやって (how).

Compared with

から gives the reason. A どうして question is usually answered with 〜からです.

どうやって asks 'how? by what method?'. どうして asks 'why?'.

んですか asks for an explanation, so it pairs naturally with どうして and sounds softer.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

To ask how you get somewhere, use どうやって; どうして asks why.

Wrong

Right

すき is a な-adjective, so it needs だ before から.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

What is the difference between どうして, なぜ and なんで?

All three mean 'why'. どうして is the everyday neutral choice, なぜ is more formal and common in writing, and なんで is casual, for friends.

How do I answer a どうして question?

Give the reason and end with からです: いそがしかったからです. You can also explain with んです: いそがしかったんです.

Why do people add んですか after どうして?

んですか asks for an explanation and sounds softer and more curious. Without it, a どうして question can sound like criticism.

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