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N5 · G21 Particles

〜と〜

And / with (people)

と joins nouns to mean 'A and B', giving a complete list. After a person, it means 'with': the person you do something with or talk to.

How to make it

RuleExample
Noun + と + Noun
Person + と + verb
Person + といっしょに + verb

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Listing nouns: A and B

    と joins two or more nouns when you list all of them. In this meaning it only joins nouns, never verbs or adjectives.

    • tsukue no ue ni hon to nooto ga arimasu.

      There are a book and a notebook on the desk.

    • maiasa, pan to tamago o tabemasu.

      I eat bread and eggs every morning.

    • chichi to haha wa ima, kanada ni imasu.

      My father and mother are in Canada now.

  2. 2. Doing something with someone

    Person + と means you do the action together. といっしょに makes 'together' stronger.

    • senshuu, tomodachi to yama ni ikimashita.

      Last week I went to the mountains with a friend.

    • haha to issho ni ryouri o shimashita.

      I cooked together with my mother.

    • dare to kimashita ka.

      Who did you come with?

  3. 3. The other person in a two-way action

    With verbs like 話す, 会う and けっこんする, と marks the other person in the action.

    • kinou, sensei to hanashimashita.

      I talked with my teacher yesterday.

    • eki de kinoshita san to aimashita.

      I met Ms Kinoshita at the station.

Nuance

と gives the whole list; if there are other things too, use や instead. と meaning 'and' cannot join adjectives or sentences: use the て-form for that. If you do something alone, say ひとりで, not ひとりと.

Compared with

や gives a few examples from a longer list ('A, B and so on'). と lists everything.

といっしょに means the same as と for people but stresses 'together'.

To say 'and' between adjectives or actions, use the て-form (安くて、おいしい), not と.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

と only joins nouns; adjectives are joined with the て-form.

Wrong

Right

The person you go with is marked with と, not に.

Wrong

Right

Doing something alone uses ひとりで; と needs a partner.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

What is the difference between と and や?

と lists everything: 本とノート means a book and a notebook, nothing else. や gives examples from a longer list: 本やノート means books, notebooks and other things like that.

Can I use と to connect adjectives or sentences?

No. In the meaning 'and', と joins nouns only. For adjectives use the て-form (安くて、おいしい), and to join sentences use そして or the て-form.

Is there a difference between 友だちと and 友だちといっしょに?

Very little. Both mean 'with a friend'. といっしょに adds 'together' and is a little more emphatic.

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