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N5 · G28 Particles

〜に (time / destination / purpose)

At (time) / To (destination) / For (purpose)

に marks a target point: a specific time, a destination, the purpose of going somewhere, or the person who receives something.

How to make it

RuleExample
Time + に
Place + に + 行く/来る/かえる
Verb ます-stem + に + 行く/来る
Person + に + あげる/電話する

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. A point in time

    に marks a clock time, date, month or year when something happens.

    • mainichi shichiji ni okimasu.

      I get up at seven every day.

    • shigatsu ni nihon ni kimashita.

      I came to Japan in April.

  2. 2. Destination

    With verbs of movement, に marks the place you go to or arrive at.

    • raishuu, yama ni ikimasu.

      I'm going to the mountains next week.

    • mainichi basu de gakkou ni kimasu.

      I come to school by bus every day.

  3. 3. Purpose of going

    ます-stem + に + 行く/来る says what you go or come to do.

    • suupaa ni sakana o kai ni ikimasu.

      I'm going to the supermarket to buy fish.

    • tomodachi to gohan o tabe ni ikimashita.

      I went out to eat with a friend.

  4. 4. Person you give to or contact

    に marks the person who receives something or who you call, write to or speak to.

    • haha ni hana o agemashita.

      I gave my mother some flowers.

    • kyou, chichi ni denwa o shimasu.

      I'll call my father today.

Nuance

Time words that are relative to now, such as 今日, あした, 毎日 and 来週, do not take に. For days of the week に is optional. For destinations に and へ are both fine; へ puts a little more focus on the direction.

Compared with

で marks the place where an action happens (学校で読みます); に marks where you go or where something is.

This page covers the purpose pattern in more detail: ます-stem + に + 行く means "go to do".

に marks one point in time; からまで marks a period with a start and an end.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

Relative time words like あした and 毎日 do not take に.

Wrong

Right

The place where an action happens takes で, not に.

Wrong

Right

For purpose, use the ます-stem before に, not the dictionary form.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

What is the difference between に and へ?

For destinations both are correct: 学校に行きます and 学校へ行きます. に focuses on arriving at the place, へ on the direction. Only に is used for time and purpose.

What is the difference between に and で for places?

に marks where you go or where something exists (学校にいます). で marks where an action takes place (学校で本を読みます).

Which time words don't use に?

Words relative to today: 今日, あした, きのう, 毎日, 来週, 今 and so on. Clock times, dates, months and years do take に.

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