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N5 · G23 Particles

〜だけ

Only ~ / Just ~

だけ means "only" or "just". It limits something to an amount, a thing, a person or an action, and goes straight after the word it limits.

How to make it

RuleExample
Number + counter + だけ
Noun + だけ
Verb dictionary form + だけ

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Only this amount

    After a number, だけ says the amount is small or exactly that much, no more.

    • hitotsu dake kudasai.

      Just one, please.

    • gofun dake matte kudasai.

      Please wait just five minutes.

    • hyakuen dake arimasu.

      I only have 100 yen.

  2. 2. Only this thing or person

    After a noun, だけ means nothing or nobody else is included.

    • asa wa koohii dake nomimasu.

      In the morning I only drink coffee.

    • kono kurasu de nihonjin wa yamakawa san dake desu.

      Mr Yamakawa is the only Japanese person in this class.

  3. 3. Just doing something

    After a verb, だけ means you only do that action and nothing more.

    • miru dake desu.

      I'm just looking.

    • yasumi no hi wa, uchi de hon o yomu dake desu.

      On my days off, I just read books at home.

Nuance

だけ is neutral: it simply limits, and works with positive or negative verbs. When だけ follows a noun, を and が are usually dropped (水だけ飲みます), but they can come after だけ (水だけを飲みます), never before it. 見るだけです is a handy phrase in shops when staff ask if you need help.

Compared with

も adds things ("also"). だけ does the opposite and leaves everything else out ("only").

だけ often follows a number and counter, as in 一つだけ or 二人だけ, to stress that the amount is small.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

だけ goes right after the noun; を can follow だけ or be dropped, but never comes before it.

Wrong

Right

しか also means only but needs a negative verb, so with a positive verb use だけ.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

What is the difference between だけ and しか?

Both mean only. だけ is neutral and works with any verb. しか always takes a negative verb and stresses that it is less than expected: 百円しかありません.

Do I need を after だけ?

No. Usually を is dropped (水だけ飲みます). You can say 水だけを飲みます, but を never goes before だけ.

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