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N5 · G61 Requests, permission and rules

〜ないといけない/〜なくちゃ

Have to ~ / Gotta ~ (casual)

Verb ない-form + といけない means 'have to' or 'must'. It is the everyday spoken way to talk about obligation, and 〜なくちゃ is an even more casual short form.

How to make it

RuleExample
Verb ない-form + といけない
Polite: Verb ない-form + といけません
Casual: ない-form minus ない + なくちゃ
Irregular verbs

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Saying what you have to do

    Talk about obligations in normal conversation. Add ません to stay polite.

    • ashita wa tesuto da kara, benkyou shinai to ikenai.

      I have a test tomorrow, so I have to study.

    • mou juuji desu. uchi e kaeranai to ikemasen.

      It's already ten. I have to go home.

    • mainichi kusuri o nomanai to ikenai.

      I have to take medicine every day.

    • gakkou ni nanji made ni ikanai to ikemasen ka.

      By what time do we have to be at school?

  2. 2. Telling yourself you need to do something

    なくちゃ is often said to yourself or to friends, like 'I've got to ~'.

    • a, mou konna jikan! ikanakucha.

      Oh, look at the time! I've got to go.

    • ashita wa hayai kara, mou nenakucha.

      I have an early start tomorrow, so I've got to go to bed now.

    • getsuyoubi made ni kono hon o yomanakucha.

      I've got to read this book by Monday.

Nuance

〜ないといけない is more conversational than なければなりません, but with ません it is still fine with teachers or colleagues. 〜なくちゃ is only for friends, family or talking to yourself, so don't use it in formal situations. Another casual form, 〜なきゃ, means the same. To say 'you don't have to', use 〜なくてもいい.

Compared with

なければなりません has the same meaning but sounds more formal and written. ないといけない is more natural in conversation.

なくちゃ is the short spoken form of なくては. Both mean 'must'.

なくてもいい is the opposite: 'you don't have to'.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

The ending is いけません ('it won't do'), not いきません ('don't go').

Wrong

Right

Start from the ない-form: 行かない.

Wrong

Right

なくちゃ is very casual, so use といけません when talking to a teacher.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

What is the difference between ないといけない and なければならない?

They mean the same thing. ないといけない sounds more like everyday speech, while なければならない is more formal and common in writing.

What does なくちゃ mean?

It is a casual spoken short form of なくてはいけない, meaning 'I've got to'. 行かなくちゃ means 'I've got to go'. Use it with friends, not in formal situations.

Is なきゃ the same as なくちゃ?

Yes, なきゃ is another casual short form with the same meaning. 行かなきゃ and 行かなくちゃ both mean 'I've got to go'.

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