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N5 · G58 Requests, permission and rules

〜てはいけません

Must not ~ / Not allowed to ~

Verb て-form + はいけません means "must not" or "you are not allowed to". It states rules and strong warnings.

How to make it

RuleExample
Verb て-form + はいけません
て-form ending in で + はいけません
Plain: て-form + はいけない
Question: て-form + はいけませんか

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Rules and prohibitions

    Used for rules in public places, at school or at work, and on signs and in instructions.

    • koko de tabako o sutte wa ikemasen.

      You must not smoke here.

    • tesuto no toki, hanashite wa ikemasen.

      You must not talk during the test.

    • kono kawa de oyoide wa ikemasen.

      You must not swim in this river.

    • koko ni kuruma o tomete wa ikemasen.

      You must not park here.

  2. 2. Strong advice or warnings

    Parents, teachers and doctors use it to warn someone not to do something.

    • ame no hi wa soto de asonde wa ikemasen yo.

      You mustn't play outside on rainy days.

    • kono mizu wa nonde wa ikemasen.

      Don't drink this water.

  3. 3. Asking if something is not allowed

    てはいけませんか asks "Is it not OK to ...?", often to check a rule.

    • koko de shashin o totte wa ikemasen ka.

      Am I not allowed to take photos here?

    • enpitsu de kaite wa ikemasen ka.

      Is it not OK to write in pencil?

Nuance

てはいけません is strong and sounds like a rule from someone with authority. Saying it directly to a teacher or boss is rude; ないでください is a softer request. When someone asks 〜てもいいですか and the answer is no, people often soften it: すみません、ちょっと….

Compared with

てもいいです gives permission ("you may"); てはいけません is its opposite ("you may not").

ないでください is a request ("please don't"); てはいけません states a rule and sounds stronger.

ちゃいけない is the casual spoken form of てはいけない, used with friends and family.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

はいけません attaches to the て-form, not the dictionary form.

Wrong

Right

Prohibition uses ては or では; ても means "even if".

Wrong

Right

When the て-form ends in んで, use んでは, not んては.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

What is the difference between てはいけません and ないでください?

てはいけません states a rule: "you must not". ないでください is a polite request: "please don't". ないでください is softer and better for everyday requests.

How do I answer 〜てもいいですか with no?

The direct answer is いいえ、〜てはいけません, but it sounds strict. In everyday life people say すみません、ちょっと… or いいえ、だめです with friends.

What is ちゃいけない?

It is the casual spoken form of てはいけない: 食べちゃいけない. With verbs whose て-form ends in で, it becomes じゃいけない: 飲んじゃいけない.

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