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N5 · G53 Requests, permission and rules

〜ください

Please give me / do ~

ください means "please give me" after a noun with を, and "please do ~" after a verb in て-form. It is the basic polite way to ask for things and make requests.

How to make it

RuleExample
Noun + をください
Noun + を + number + ください
Verb て-form + ください

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Asking for things

    Noun + をください asks someone to give you something, for example in a shop or café.

    • mizu o kudasai.

      Water, please.

    • kono ringo o mittsu kudasai.

      Three of these apples, please.

    • sumimasen, menyuu o kudasai.

      Excuse me, could I have the menu?

  2. 2. Polite requests

    て-form + ください asks someone to do something for you.

    • chotto matte kudasai.

      Please wait a moment.

    • mou ichido itte kudasai.

      Please say that again.

  3. 3. Instructions and offers

    Teachers, signs and hosts use it for instructions, and with どうぞ it becomes a friendly offer.

    • koko ni namae o kaite kudasai.

      Please write your name here.

    • douzo, haitte kudasai.

      Please, come in.

Nuance

ください is polite, but it is still a direct request. When asking a favour of someone senior, 〜てくださいませんか sounds softer. In shops and restaurants, 〜をおねがいします is a common alternative to 〜をください. Remember the number goes after を: りんごを三つください.

Compared with

〜てください asks someone to do something. 〜ないでください asks them not to do it.

〜てください asks the other person to act. 〜てもいいですか asks permission for you to act.

ほしい says you want something. 〜をください actually asks someone to give it to you.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

The thing you ask for is the object, so it takes を.

Wrong

Right

ください follows the て-form of a verb, not the dictionary form.

Wrong

Right

行く has an irregular て-form: 行って.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

Is ください polite enough to use with strangers?

Yes, it is polite and fine in shops, at stations and with strangers. For a bigger favour, 〜てくださいませんか is softer.

What is the difference between をください and をおねがいします?

Both ask for something. おねがいします is a little softer and also works for services, such as 二人おねがいします at a restaurant.

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