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N5 · G44 Adjectives

な-adjectives (〜な+noun/〜です)

Using な-adjectives

な-adjectives describe nouns, like "quiet", "famous" or "pretty". They take な before a noun, and at the end of a sentence they behave like nouns with です.

How to make it

RuleExample
な-adjective + な + Noun
な-adjective + です/じゃないです
Past: な-adjective + でした/じゃなかったです
な-adjective + で (joining) / + に (adverb)

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Describing a noun

    Put the adjective with な directly before the noun: きれいな花 (a pretty flower).

    • koko wa shizuka na machi desu.

      This is a quiet town.

    • yamakawa san wa shinsetsu na hito desu.

      Mr Yamakawa is a kind person.

  2. 2. Describing at the end of a sentence

    Use the adjective with です and its forms: このまちはしずかです. No な is used here.

    • kono mise wa yuumei desu.

      This shop is famous.

    • kono michi wa amari benri ja nai desu.

      This road isn't very convenient.

    • kinou no tesuto wa kantan deshita.

      Yesterday's test was easy.

    • haha wa itsumo genki desu.

      My mother is always well.

  3. 3. Linking and adverb use

    で joins it to another description, and に turns it into an adverb that describes how you do something.

    • kono heya wa shizuka de, kirei desu.

      This room is quiet and clean.

    • toshokan de wa shizuka ni hanashite kudasai.

      Please speak quietly in the library.

Nuance

Some な-adjectives look like い-adjectives because they end in い, such as きれい and ゆうめい. They are still な-adjectives, so the negative is きれいじゃないです, not きれくないです. すき and きらい are also な-adjectives: すきな食べもの (a favourite food). じゃありません is a slightly more formal negative than じゃないです.

Compared with

い-adjectives join a noun directly (高い本) and change their ending (高くない, 高かった). な-adjectives need な and use です forms like nouns.

At the end of a sentence, a な-adjective works just like a noun in AはBです.

な-adjective + になる means "become": しずかになりました (it became quiet).

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

きれい is a な-adjective, so it does not take the い-adjective ending くない.

Wrong

Right

A な-adjective needs な before a noun.

Wrong

Right

Do not use な at the end of a sentence before です.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

Is きれい an い-adjective?

No. Even though it ends in い, きれい is a な-adjective: きれいな花, きれいじゃないです. ゆうめい and きらい work the same way.

When do I use な with a な-adjective?

Only when it comes directly before a noun: しずかなまち. At the end of a sentence, use です without な: まちはしずかです.

Is すき a な-adjective?

Yes. That is why we say すきな食べもの and すきじゃないです.

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