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N5 · G74 Time and sequence

〜前に

Before doing ~

〜前に means "before ~". Put a verb in the dictionary form, or a noun with の, before 前に to say what happens first.

How to make it

RuleExample
Verb dictionary form + 前に
Noun + の + 前に
Time length + 前に (… ago)
Verb dictionary form + 前に + past main verb

Meaning and examples

  1. 1. Before an action

    Verb + 前に says you do one thing before another action.

    • neru mae ni, ha o migakimasu.

      I brush my teeth before I go to bed.

    • gohan o taberu mae ni te o araimasu.

      I wash my hands before I eat.

    • nihon e iku mae ni, nihongo o benkyou shimashita.

      I studied Japanese before I went to Japan.

    • dekakeru mae ni denki o keshite kudasai.

      Please turn off the lights before you go out.

  2. 2. Before an event

    Noun + の前に works with event nouns such as しょくじ (meal), じゅぎょう (class) or テスト.

    • shokuji no mae ni, kusuri o nomimasu.

      I take the medicine before meals.

    • jugyou no mae ni sensei to hanashimashita.

      I talked with the teacher before class.

  3. 3. Ago

    With a length of time, 前に means "ago": 二年前に (two years ago).

    • sannen mae ni toukyou e kimashita.

      I came to Tokyo three years ago.

Nuance

The verb before 前に is always the dictionary form, even when the whole sentence is in the past: 行く前に, not 行った前に. The tense is shown only by the main verb at the end. For nouns, don't forget の. Do not confuse 前に (before, in time) with 〜の前で (in front of, a place).

Compared with

てから means "after doing ~": the opposite order. 前に means "before doing ~".

とき means "when ~", the time something happens. 前に points to a time earlier than the action.

Common mistakes

Wrong

Right

The verb before 前に stays in the dictionary form, even in the past.

Wrong

Right

前で is about place (in front of); for time, use 前に.

Wrong

Right

Use the plain dictionary form, not the ます form, before 前に.

Practice

JLPT style: choose the best answer for ( ).

FAQ

Why is it 行く前に and not 行った前に?

In Japanese, the verb before 前に is always the dictionary form, because the action has not happened yet at that point. The past is shown by the final verb: 行く前にべんきょうしました.

What is the difference between 前に and 前で?

前に here is about time (before). 〜の前で is about place (in front of), as in 駅の前で会いましょう.

How do I say "ago" in Japanese?

Add 前に to a length of time: 一年前に (a year ago), 三日前に (three days ago).

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